Watch this video for another example of precipitating factors. Staying in bed for a long period during the day Death of a close friend or family memberĥ. Any accident that causes physical injuryģ. The employment history of work in shifts and disturbed sleep patternġ. Any chronic mental health conditions such as anxiety or depressionĤ. The cognitive and behavioral factors that cause poor sleep over timeĢ. Table 1: Predisposing, Precipitating, and Perpetuating Factors of an Insomniac Patient The various factors leading to insomnia are summarized in the table below. Impaired intellectual capability (dementia or any mental illness).Behavior and arrogance of peers and family members.Unmet emotional (love, recognition) or physical needs (silence, hunger).The aggressive behavior could have been triggered by the following precipitating factors: Hostile body language includes angry gestures or dirty looks.Physical aggressive behavior includes kicking, biting, or throwing.Verbal aggressive behavior includes swearing, screaming.The person would express aggression through: Le’s take for example a patient showing aggressive behavior. Using this formulation, the presence of a disease or disorder could then be explained by looking at the factors: predisposing factors, precipitating factors, perpetuating factors, and protective factors. It helps to understand the origins and causes of symptoms by formulating hypotheses around the 4Ps. It is one of the 4Ps of the Biopsychosocial Formulation used to understand the health condition of an individual. Precipitating factors are factors that cause or trigger the onset of disease, disorder, illness, accident, or behavioral response. Biologically, they are factors that trigger the onset of a health problem or a behavioral response. It causes or sends the person suddenly into an undesirable state or condition. Precipitating factors, as already defined and described (above), are factors that “precipitate” the problem. These are factors that take into account the person’s skill, competency, talent, or any supportive element that helps the patient in facing and overcoming the predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors.įigure 2: The 3P-Disease Model (frontiers, 2019) Image Credit: Wright et al., 2019. For example, lack of education, occupation, or financial stress Any condition or factors, either in the family or community that exaggerate the problem rather than solve it are perpetuating factors. These are factors that maintain the disabling symptoms. For example, conflict about relationships, transitions, or identity These are factors, events, or stressors that initiate or promote the onset of any illness, disease, accident, or behavioral response. For example, exposure to alcohol of the fetus in prenatal life and any genetic predisposition of mental illness ![]() ![]() Factors or areas of susceptibility that promote the risks of the presenting problem are termed as predisposing factors. ![]() For the intervention and for examining the prognosis of disease, the biopsychosocial model combines different psychological, social, and biological factors, which may further be classified into 4Ps. In psychology and psychiatry, Biopsychosocial Formulation is a way to comprehend the patient, more than for diagnostic purposes. It takes into consideration four factors, so-called the 4Ps: Together, they are referred to as the Biopsychosocial Formulation. This model is applied to Case Formulation. Image Source: Maria Victoria Gonzaga of Biology Online. The social aspect looks into socio-economical, environmental, and cultural factors. The psychological aspect looks into the person’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. The biological aspect looks into the physiology or pathology of the disease. ( Biopsychosocial Model, 2013) Figure 1: The biopsychosocial model of health. George Engel was the person who conceptualized the biopsychosocial model in 1977. ![]() It takes into consideration the various aspects - biological, psychological, and social, thus, the name. The biopsychosocial model is a strategy that is applied to understand a person’s medical condition.
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